What is an effective technique for distracting a dog during a potentially threatening encounter?

Tossing treats using an underhand motion is an effective technique for distracting a dog during a potentially threatening encounter because it engages the dog's instinctual behaviors. The motion draws the dog's attention away from the threat and encourages it to focus on the treat instead. This method keeps the dog's body low and prevents it from becoming excited or aggressive, as the gentle underhand toss is more inviting and less confrontational.

Using treats can also create a positive association; the dog begins to associate the treat with a calming presence rather than a threat. This strategy is especially effective because it allows the person to maintain a safe distance while still redirecting the dog’s focus. In contrast, other methods might inadvertently provoke anxiety or trigger a defensive response from the dog, which is why they may not be as suitable. For example, throwing a toy high might excite the dog, while creating loud noises or approaching quickly could escalate the situation by making the dog feel cornered or threatened.